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PRESCRIPTION

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  Prescription: Definition : Prescription is a written order from a registered medical practitioner  or other licensed practitioners, such as dentist, veterinarian etc to a registered pharmacist to compound and dispense a specific medication for the patient. Types of prescription : 1. Compounded prescription :  These precriptions are also known as formula magistralis, Each required drugs in the prescription is written on a separate line in a sequence. Ingredients in the prescription are written in the following pattern. i) Basis: This includes the principal drug which gives its primary action to the prescription. ii) Adjuvant: This includes the substance which helps in increasing the action of main ingredient. iii) Vehicle: This is used as a solvent in the solution in order to increase the size and volume or dilute the mixture. 2. Non compounded Prescription : These prescriptions are also called formula officinalis. It is a pre-compounded order comprising of either a single drug or a m
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Hair loss and Treatments-Updates and Perspectives

                                 Hair loss and Treatments-Updates and Perspectives On average, a healthy man or women’s scalp has 80000 to 120000 essential terminal hairs. Keratin is a protein that is formed in the hair follicles and is used to make hair. Hair follicles go through a series of development and rest cycles. The growth rate of hair is roughly 0.3 mm per day during growth phase, which lasts 2-6 years . The maximum length of hair that can be achieved is determined by the length of anagen phase. After a brief intermediary phase, the hair enters a rest phase that lasts 2 to 4 months before falling out . T he approximately 100000 hairs on a person’s head develop autonomously in normal circumstances. Hair growth is cyclic, compraising anagen (enlargement), catagen (involution), and rest periods (telogen). Complex communications between the epithelium and the dermis regulate active growth and rest cycle, which are still poorly implicit . In a healthy scalp, the majority of follic
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BPPK QUESTION PAPER SET FOR PRACTICE

  SET-1 SECTION-A  very short answer.                                                                          (2-mark x 10= 20) 1.         Explain pore transport mechanism. 2.          What is first pass effect? 3.        What do you mean by apparent volume of Distribution? 4.        IVIVC 5.          What do you mean by onset of action and AUC ? 6.          What do you mean by rate constant and order of reaction? 7.        Explain loading dose and maintenance dose. 8.          Correlation between surface area and drug absorption. 9.          Compare the linear and nonlinear pharmacokinetics. 10.    Give Michaelis Menten equation. SECTION –B Answer any seven of the following questions (short type answers) :                       (5 marks x 7 = 35Explain ) 1.          Explain the factors affecting drug distribution. 2.        What are the Factors affecting renal excretion of drug. 3.        Explain kinetics of protein binding. 4.        Discuss the kinetics of drug administer through I
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NON-LINEAR PHARMACOKINETICS

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  Difference between Linear and non linear pharmacokinetics LINEARPHARMACOKINETIC a. Change in plasma concentration due to ADME process is proportional to dose of drug administered (single or multiple) b.Follow First order kinetics c. Semilog plot for concentration vs time is super imposable (Principle of superimposition) d.No change in F, Ka, Ke, Vd, Clearance etc. NONLINEAR PHARMACOKINETIC a.Rate process of ADME are dependent on carrier or enzymes having definite capacity and subjected to saturation. b.Change in concentration is no more proportional to dose administered during the total process of ADME. c.Follow First order + Zero order kinetics d.Change in different pharmacokinetic parameters. Stages where non-linearity occurs: Non-linearity can occur at any of the following stage during the fate of drug in body: a.Absorption b.Distribution c.Biotransformation/Metabolism d.Excretion Causes of non-linearity a.During absorption i.Absorption is solubility or dissolution rate limited eg
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